Add custom layout creation.

README.md

@@ -112,6 +112,9 @@ Pane.zig       content plus its header, drag source, and drop target
 Terminal.zig   GtkDrawingArea: Cairo/Pango renderer + input handling
 Browser.zig    WebKitWebView plus a back/forward/reload/address bar
 webkit.zig     hand-written bindings for the WebKitGTK calls we make
+Layouts.zig    saved tab templates: model, JSON on disk, {{substitution}}
+OpenLayoutDialog.zig  prompts for a layout's parameters
+SaveLayoutDialog.zig  turns the current tab into a saved layout
 Session.zig    libghostty-vt Terminal + parser, fed by the PTY
 Pty.zig        openpt/fork/exec, controlling terminal setup
 key.zig        GDK keyval -> libghostty-vt key mapping
@@ -154,6 +157,88 @@ preview. Cancelling a drag puts the pane back: only the dragged pane ever
 moves, so the rest of the tree is unchanged and re-inserting it beside its
 original sibling restores the original shape.
 
+## Layouts
+
+A **layout** is a saved tab: an arrangement of panes, each with a directory and
+a script, that opens in one go. Layouts take **parameters**, so one layout
+serves any number of projects.
+
+The layout button in the sidebar lists them. Picking one asks for its
+parameters — prefilled with their defaults — and opens a new tab. A layout with
+no parameters skips the prompt. The plain new-tab button is untouched: it still
+opens one shell, immediately.
+
+**You author layouts by arranging a tab.** Split it, drag panes around, drag the
+dividers, then *Save tab as layout…*. That captures the tree, the split
+orientations and the ratios exactly as they are on screen, and asks only for
+what it can't infer: a name, the parameters, and each pane's script. There is
+deliberately no separate layout builder — the split tree already is one.
+
+The save dialog prefills what it can read off the live tab: each terminal's
+current directory, straight out of `/proc/<pid>/cwd`, and each web pane's
+current page. So the usual flow is to get a tab set up the way you like,
+save it, and replace the literal paths with `{{parameters}}`.
+
+**Editing** a saved layout opens the same dialog on the stored one, so its
+name, parameters and per-pane scripts can be changed without opening it.
+Renaming moves the layout rather than copying it, and renaming onto a name
+another layout already has is refused instead of quietly replacing it. Nothing
+is written until you confirm, so cancelling leaves the layout untouched. To
+change the *shape* of a layout, open it, rearrange the tab, and save over it
+under the same name — the same tools you used to build it in the first place.
+
+Every `cwd`, `command` and `url` goes through `{{name}}` substitution, and a
+leading `~` is expanded afterwards. An unknown `{{name}}` is left as written
+rather than blanked, so a typo shows up in the pane instead of silently
+producing an empty path.
+
+**Scripts are typed into the shell, not run instead of it.** A pane starts your
+login shell as usual, and the script is fed to it once it is ready. The shell
+is still there when the script finishes, with your environment loaded and the
+command in history. The wait matters: writing at spawn time loses the input,
+because shells that set up line editing discard whatever was buffered while
+they were initializing. The shell's first output is the signal that it is
+reading, so that is when the script goes in.
+
+Layouts live in `~/.config/vtabs/layouts.json` (or `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME`), and the
+file is meant to be edited by hand as well — *Reload from disk* picks up
+changes. It is JSON because the app writes it too, and a format that
+round-trips without a hand-written emitter is worth more here than a prettier
+one.
+
+```json
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "layouts": [
+    {
+      "name": "Project",
+      "parameters": [
+        { "name": "path", "description": "Project directory", "default": "~" }
+      ],
+      "root": {
+        "split": "horizontal",
+        "ratio": 0.55,
+        "first": {
+          "kind": "terminal",
+          "cwd": "{{path}}",
+          "command": "git status"
+        },
+        "second": {
+          "split": "vertical",
+          "ratio": 0.5,
+          "first": { "kind": "terminal", "cwd": "{{path}}", "command": "nvim ." },
+          "second": { "kind": "web", "url": "https://github.com" }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+A node is a split if it has a `split` key and a leaf otherwise. Saves are
+atomic — written to a temporary and renamed — so an interrupted write leaves
+the previous layouts intact rather than a file that won't parse.
+
 Two design choices worth calling out:
 
 **No IO thread.** The PTY is read on the GLib main loop through a unix fd
@@ -187,6 +272,9 @@ in principle, but a terminal grid is small.
   dragging around exactly like they do: back/forward/reload, an address bar
   that takes a URL or falls back to a search, a load-progress indicator in the
   entry, and the page title feeding the pane header and tab label
+- **Saved layouts**: whole tabs — panes, splits, ratios, per-pane directories
+  and scripts — opened in one go, parameterised by `{{name}}`, authored by
+  arranging a tab and saving it. See [Layouts](#layouts)
 
 ### Shortcuts
 
@@ -225,8 +313,9 @@ This is a proof of concept, and the following are deliberately absent:
   nothing else: no bookmarks, history, downloads, devtools, or find-in-page,
   and each pane uses WebKit's default context, so nothing is persisted between
   runs. Links that ask for a new window are ignored rather than opening a pane.
-- **Saved layouts.** A view's arrangement lives only as long as the tab.
+- **Restoring a session.** Layouts save arrangements you open deliberately;
-- **Kitty graphics, hyperlinks, tab reordering, config file.**
+  nothing restores the tabs you happened to have open when the app closed.
+- **Kitty graphics, hyperlinks, tab reordering.**
 - **Custom terminfo.** `TERM` is reported as `xterm-256color` rather than
   `ghostty`, since we don't install a terminfo entry.
 

src/Browser.zig

@@ -49,7 +49,17 @@ on_exit: *const fn (ctx: ?*anyopaque) void,
 on_focus: *const fn (ctx: ?*anyopaque) void,
 ctx: ?*anyopaque = null,
 
-pub fn create(alloc: std.mem.Allocator, cbs: Pane.Callbacks) !*Browser {
+/// What a layout can specify for a web pane.
+pub const Options = struct {
+    /// Page to open with. Empty leaves the pane on its address bar.
+    url: []const u8 = "",
+};
+
+pub fn create(
+    alloc: std.mem.Allocator,
+    opts: Options,
+    cbs: Pane.Callbacks,
+) !*Browser {
     const self = try alloc.create(Browser);
     errdefer alloc.destroy(self);
 
@@ -99,6 +109,11 @@ pub fn create(alloc: std.mem.Allocator, cbs: Pane.Callbacks) !*Browser {
     self.box.as(gtk.Widget).addController(focus.as(gtk.EventController));
 
     self.syncNav();
+
+    // Navigating here rather than after the widget is realized is fine: the
+    // load runs on the main loop and the view catches up when it appears.
+    if (opts.url.len > 0) self.navigate(opts.url);
+
     return self;
 }
 
@@ -147,6 +162,13 @@ pub fn title(self: *Browser) []const u8 {
     return "web";
 }
 
+/// The page currently loaded, or an empty slice if there isn't one. Borrowed
+/// from WebKit, so copy it if it needs to outlive the next navigation.
+pub fn currentUrl(self: *Browser) []const u8 {
+    const uri = self.view.getUri() orelse return "";
+    return std.mem.span(uri);
+}
+
 /// Load an address, applying the same interpretation the address bar does.
 pub fn navigate(self: *Browser, input: []const u8) void {
     const uri = self.resolve(input) orelse return;

src/Layout.zig

@@ -157,6 +157,22 @@ pub fn remove(self: *Layout, node: *Node) void {
     self.alloc.destroy(parent);
 }
 
+/// Build a split holding two existing subtrees.
+///
+/// `insert` grows a tree one pane at a time, which is the right shape for
+/// interactive splitting but can't express an arbitrary arrangement with
+/// per-split ratios. Opening a saved layout needs exactly that, so it builds
+/// the tree bottom-up through this instead.
+pub fn newSplit(
+    self: *Layout,
+    orientation: gtk.Orientation,
+    a: *Node,
+    b: *Node,
+    ratio: f64,
+) !*Node {
+    return self.makeSplit(orientation, a, b, ratio);
+}
+
 fn makeSplit(
     self: *Layout,
     orientation: gtk.Orientation,

src/Layouts.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,573 @@
+//! Saved layouts: named tab templates that open a whole arrangement of panes
+//! at once, each with a directory and a script to run.
+//!
+//! A layout is the shape of a tab (the same split tree a view uses) plus, per
+//! pane, what to start it with. Layouts take **parameters** — declared by name,
+//! filled in when you open one — and every `cwd`, `command` and `url` is run
+//! through `{{name}}` substitution first. That is what makes one layout usable
+//! against any number of projects.
+//!
+//! Everything lives in a single JSON file under the user's config directory.
+//! JSON because the app writes this file as well as reading it: layouts are
+//! authored in the app, and a format we can round-trip without a hand-written
+//! emitter is worth more here than a prettier one.
+//!
+//! All strings are owned by `arena`, so loading, adding and removing layouts
+//! never has to track individual allocations — the whole set is freed or
+//! replaced at once.
+//!
+//! File access goes through GLib rather than `std.fs`. GLib is already linked,
+//! it knows the XDG config directory, and `g_file_set_contents` writes to a
+//! temporary and renames — so an interrupted save leaves the previous layouts
+//! intact instead of a truncated file that won't parse. Zig's own filesystem
+//! API moved behind `std.Io` in 0.16 and would mean carrying an `Io` around
+//! for two calls.
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const glib = @import("glib");
+
+const Layouts = @This();
+
+/// Bumped only if the on-disk shape changes incompatibly. Read but not yet
+/// acted on: there is nothing older to migrate from.
+pub const format_version = 1;
+
+/// Enough for any path this builds, without pulling in a std constant that
+/// has been moving between namespaces.
+const max_path = 4096;
+
+pub const Orientation = enum { horizontal, vertical };
+
+/// What a pane can hold, mirroring `Pane.Kind`. Duplicated rather than
+/// imported so this module stays free of GTK and of the widget tree.
+pub const Kind = enum { terminal, web };
+
+/// A value the user supplies when opening a layout.
+pub const Parameter = struct {
+    name: []const u8,
+    description: []const u8 = "",
+    default: []const u8 = "",
+};
+
+/// One pane's starting state. Which fields matter depends on `kind`; the
+/// others are kept as empty strings so a round-trip through the editor never
+/// silently drops something the user typed.
+pub const Pane = struct {
+    kind: Kind = .terminal,
+
+    /// Directory to start in. A leading `~` is expanded at open time.
+    cwd: []const u8 = "",
+
+    /// Script to run once the shell is up. Empty means "just a shell".
+    command: []const u8 = "",
+
+    /// Page to load, for web panes.
+    url: []const u8 = "",
+};
+
+pub const Node = union(enum) {
+    pane: Pane,
+    split: Split,
+};
+
+pub const Split = struct {
+    orientation: Orientation,
+    ratio: f64 = 0.5,
+    first: *Node,
+    second: *Node,
+};
+
+pub const Layout = struct {
+    name: []const u8,
+    parameters: []const Parameter = &.{},
+    root: *Node,
+};
+
+arena: std.heap.ArenaAllocator,
+items: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(*Layout) = .empty,
+
+/// Set when the config file existed but could not be understood, so the UI can
+/// say so instead of silently presenting an empty list and then overwriting
+/// the file on the next save.
+load_error: ?[]const u8 = null,
+
+pub fn init(alloc: std.mem.Allocator) Layouts {
+    return .{ .arena = .init(alloc) };
+}
+
+pub fn deinit(self: *Layouts) void {
+    const child = self.arena.child_allocator;
+    self.items.deinit(child);
+    self.arena.deinit();
+}
+
+fn allocator(self: *Layouts) std.mem.Allocator {
+    return self.arena.allocator();
+}
+
+pub fn find(self: *Layouts, name: []const u8) ?*Layout {
+    for (self.items.items) |layout| {
+        if (std.mem.eql(u8, layout.name, name)) return layout;
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Paths
+
+/// `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/vtabs/layouts.json`, or `~/.config/vtabs/layouts.json`
+/// when that isn't set — whichever GLib reports as the user's config dir.
+pub fn configPath(buf: []u8) ?[:0]const u8 {
+    const dir = std.mem.span(glib.getUserConfigDir());
+    return std.fmt.bufPrintZ(buf, "{s}/vtabs/layouts.json", .{dir}) catch null;
+}
+
+/// The directory `configPath` lives in.
+fn configDir(buf: []u8) ?[:0]const u8 {
+    const dir = std.mem.span(glib.getUserConfigDir());
+    return std.fmt.bufPrintZ(buf, "{s}/vtabs", .{dir}) catch null;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Loading
+
+/// Replace the in-memory set with what is on disk. A missing file is not an
+/// error — it just means no layouts have been saved yet.
+pub fn load(self: *Layouts) void {
+    self.items.clearRetainingCapacity();
+    self.load_error = null;
+    _ = self.arena.reset(.retain_capacity);
+
+    var path_buf: [max_path]u8 = undefined;
+    const path = configPath(&path_buf) orelse return;
+
+    var contents: [*]u8 = undefined;
+    var length: usize = 0;
+    var err: ?*glib.Error = null;
+
+    if (glib.fileGetContents(path.ptr, &contents, &length, &err) == 0) {
+        defer if (err) |e| e.free();
+        // No file yet is the normal state before the first layout is saved,
+        // not something to complain about.
+        if (err) |e| {
+            if (e.f_domain == glib.fileErrorQuark() and e.f_code == @intFromEnum(glib.FileError.noent)) return;
+            self.setLoadError("{s}", .{e.f_message orelse "could not read layouts"});
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+    defer glib.free(contents);
+
+    self.parse(contents[0..length]) catch |parse_err| {
+        self.setLoadError("could not parse {s}: {s}", .{ path, @errorName(parse_err) });
+        self.items.clearRetainingCapacity();
+    };
+}
+
+fn setLoadError(self: *Layouts, comptime fmt: []const u8, args: anytype) void {
+    self.load_error = std.fmt.allocPrint(self.allocator(), fmt, args) catch "layouts failed to load";
+}
+
+const ParseError = error{ OutOfMemory, Malformed };
+
+fn parse(self: *Layouts, text: []const u8) ParseError!void {
+    // Parsed into the arena and left there: every string we keep points into
+    // this tree, so it has to outlive the call.
+    const parsed = std.json.parseFromSliceLeaky(
+        std.json.Value,
+        self.allocator(),
+        text,
+        .{},
+    ) catch return error.Malformed;
+
+    const root = switch (parsed) {
+        .object => |o| o,
+        else => return error.Malformed,
+    };
+
+    const list = switch (root.get("layouts") orelse return) {
+        .array => |a| a,
+        else => return error.Malformed,
+    };
+
+    for (list.items) |entry| {
+        const obj = switch (entry) {
+            .object => |o| o,
+            else => return error.Malformed,
+        };
+        try self.parseLayout(obj);
+    }
+}
+
+fn parseLayout(self: *Layouts, obj: std.json.ObjectMap) ParseError!void {
+    const alloc = self.allocator();
+
+    const layout = try alloc.create(Layout);
+    layout.* = .{
+        .name = try self.dupeString(obj.get("name") orelse return error.Malformed),
+        .root = try self.parseNode(obj.get("root") orelse return error.Malformed),
+    };
+
+    if (obj.get("parameters")) |raw| {
+        const array = switch (raw) {
+            .array => |a| a,
+            else => return error.Malformed,
+        };
+        const params = try alloc.alloc(Parameter, array.items.len);
+        for (array.items, 0..) |item, i| {
+            const p = switch (item) {
+                .object => |o| o,
+                else => return error.Malformed,
+            };
+            params[i] = .{
+                .name = try self.dupeString(p.get("name") orelse return error.Malformed),
+                .description = try self.optionalString(p.get("description")),
+                .default = try self.optionalString(p.get("default")),
+            };
+        }
+        layout.parameters = params;
+    }
+
+    try self.items.append(self.arena.child_allocator, layout);
+}
+
+fn parseNode(self: *Layouts, raw: std.json.Value) ParseError!*Node {
+    const obj = switch (raw) {
+        .object => |o| o,
+        else => return error.Malformed,
+    };
+
+    const node = try self.allocator().create(Node);
+
+    // A node is a split if it says which way it splits; otherwise it is a leaf.
+    if (obj.get("split")) |split_raw| {
+        const orientation = std.meta.stringToEnum(
+            Orientation,
+            switch (split_raw) {
+                .string => |s| s,
+                else => return error.Malformed,
+            },
+        ) orelse return error.Malformed;
+
+        node.* = .{ .split = .{
+            .orientation = orientation,
+            .ratio = clampRatio(numberOr(obj.get("ratio"), 0.5)),
+            .first = try self.parseNode(obj.get("first") orelse return error.Malformed),
+            .second = try self.parseNode(obj.get("second") orelse return error.Malformed),
+        } };
+        return node;
+    }
+
+    node.* = .{ .pane = .{
+        .kind = if (obj.get("kind")) |k| switch (k) {
+            .string => |s| std.meta.stringToEnum(Kind, s) orelse return error.Malformed,
+            else => return error.Malformed,
+        } else .terminal,
+        .cwd = try self.optionalString(obj.get("cwd")),
+        .command = try self.optionalString(obj.get("command")),
+        .url = try self.optionalString(obj.get("url")),
+    } };
+    return node;
+}
+
+/// Keep dividers away from the extremes, where a pane would open with no
+/// usable area at all.
+fn clampRatio(value: f64) f64 {
+    if (!std.math.isFinite(value)) return 0.5;
+    return @min(@max(value, 0.05), 0.95);
+}
+
+fn numberOr(raw: ?std.json.Value, fallback: f64) f64 {
+    return switch (raw orelse return fallback) {
+        .float => |f| f,
+        .integer => |i| @floatFromInt(i),
+        else => fallback,
+    };
+}
+
+fn dupeString(self: *Layouts, raw: std.json.Value) ParseError![]const u8 {
+    return switch (raw) {
+        .string => |s| try self.allocator().dupe(u8, s),
+        else => error.Malformed,
+    };
+}
+
+fn optionalString(self: *Layouts, raw: ?std.json.Value) ParseError![]const u8 {
+    return switch (raw orelse return "") {
+        .string => |s| try self.allocator().dupe(u8, s),
+        .null => "",
+        else => error.Malformed,
+    };
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Saving
+
+pub const SaveError = error{ OutOfMemory, WriteFailed };
+
+/// Write the whole set back out, creating the config directory if needed.
+pub fn save(self: *Layouts) SaveError!void {
+    var dir_buf: [max_path]u8 = undefined;
+    const dir = configDir(&dir_buf) orelse return error.WriteFailed;
+    if (glib.mkdirWithParents(dir.ptr, 0o700) != 0) return error.WriteFailed;
+
+    var path_buf: [max_path]u8 = undefined;
+    const path = configPath(&path_buf) orelse return error.WriteFailed;
+
+    const text = try self.serialize();
+    defer self.arena.child_allocator.free(text);
+
+    var err: ?*glib.Error = null;
+    if (glib.fileSetContents(path.ptr, text.ptr, @intCast(text.len), &err) == 0) {
+        if (err) |e| e.free();
+        return error.WriteFailed;
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize(self: *Layouts) SaveError![]u8 {
+    var out: std.Io.Writer.Allocating = .init(self.arena.child_allocator);
+    errdefer out.deinit();
+
+    var json: std.json.Stringify = .{
+        .writer = &out.writer,
+        .options = .{ .whitespace = .indent_2 },
+    };
+
+    try json.beginObject();
+    try json.objectField("version");
+    try json.write(format_version);
+    try json.objectField("layouts");
+    try json.beginArray();
+    for (self.items.items) |layout| try writeLayout(&json, layout);
+    try json.endArray();
+    try json.endObject();
+
+    // A trailing newline, so the file behaves in an editor.
+    try out.writer.writeByte('\n');
+    return out.toOwnedSlice();
+}
+
+fn writeLayout(json: *std.json.Stringify, layout: *const Layout) SaveError!void {
+    try json.beginObject();
+    try json.objectField("name");
+    try json.write(layout.name);
+
+    if (layout.parameters.len > 0) {
+        try json.objectField("parameters");
+        try json.beginArray();
+        for (layout.parameters) |p| {
+            try json.beginObject();
+            try json.objectField("name");
+            try json.write(p.name);
+            if (p.description.len > 0) {
+                try json.objectField("description");
+                try json.write(p.description);
+            }
+            if (p.default.len > 0) {
+                try json.objectField("default");
+                try json.write(p.default);
+            }
+            try json.endObject();
+        }
+        try json.endArray();
+    }
+
+    try json.objectField("root");
+    try writeNode(json, layout.root);
+    try json.endObject();
+}
+
+fn writeNode(json: *std.json.Stringify, node: *const Node) SaveError!void {
+    try json.beginObject();
+    switch (node.*) {
+        .split => |s| {
+            try json.objectField("split");
+            try json.write(@tagName(s.orientation));
+            try json.objectField("ratio");
+            try json.write(s.ratio);
+            try json.objectField("first");
+            try writeNode(json, s.first);
+            try json.objectField("second");
+            try writeNode(json, s.second);
+        },
+        .pane => |p| {
+            try json.objectField("kind");
+            try json.write(@tagName(p.kind));
+            // Only what is set, so a hand-edited file stays readable.
+            if (p.cwd.len > 0) {
+                try json.objectField("cwd");
+                try json.write(p.cwd);
+            }
+            if (p.command.len > 0) {
+                try json.objectField("command");
+                try json.write(p.command);
+            }
+            if (p.url.len > 0) {
+                try json.objectField("url");
+                try json.write(p.url);
+            }
+        },
+    }
+    try json.endObject();
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Editing
+//
+// Layouts are built in the app, so these take plain slices and copy everything
+// into the arena. Callers hand over borrowed strings and forget about them.
+
+pub const Builder = struct {
+    layouts: *Layouts,
+
+    pub fn node(self: Builder, value: Node) !*Node {
+        const n = try self.layouts.allocator().create(Node);
+        n.* = value;
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    pub fn pane(self: Builder, spec: Pane) !*Node {
+        return self.node(.{ .pane = .{
+            .kind = spec.kind,
+            .cwd = try self.dupe(spec.cwd),
+            .command = try self.dupe(spec.command),
+            .url = try self.dupe(spec.url),
+        } });
+    }
+
+    pub fn split(
+        self: Builder,
+        orientation: Orientation,
+        ratio: f64,
+        first: *Node,
+        second: *Node,
+    ) !*Node {
+        return self.node(.{ .split = .{
+            .orientation = orientation,
+            .ratio = clampRatio(ratio),
+            .first = first,
+            .second = second,
+        } });
+    }
+
+    pub fn dupe(self: Builder, text: []const u8) ![]const u8 {
+        return self.layouts.allocator().dupe(u8, text);
+    }
+};
+
+pub fn builder(self: *Layouts) Builder {
+    return .{ .layouts = self };
+}
+
+/// Add a layout, replacing any existing one with the same name.
+///
+/// Replacing in place keeps the menu order stable when you re-save a layout
+/// you have just tweaked, which is the common case.
+pub fn put(
+    self: *Layouts,
+    name: []const u8,
+    parameters: []const Parameter,
+    root: *Node,
+) !void {
+    const alloc = self.allocator();
+
+    const params = try alloc.alloc(Parameter, parameters.len);
+    for (parameters, 0..) |p, i| {
+        params[i] = .{
+            .name = try alloc.dupe(u8, p.name),
+            .description = try alloc.dupe(u8, p.description),
+            .default = try alloc.dupe(u8, p.default),
+        };
+    }
+
+    if (self.find(name)) |existing| {
+        existing.parameters = params;
+        existing.root = root;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const layout = try alloc.create(Layout);
+    layout.* = .{
+        .name = try alloc.dupe(u8, name),
+        .parameters = params,
+        .root = root,
+    };
+    try self.items.append(self.arena.child_allocator, layout);
+}
+
+pub fn remove(self: *Layouts, name: []const u8) void {
+    for (self.items.items, 0..) |layout, i| {
+        if (std.mem.eql(u8, layout.name, name)) {
+            _ = self.items.orderedRemove(i);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Parameter substitution
+
+/// One parameter's value for a single opening of a layout.
+pub const Binding = struct {
+    name: []const u8,
+    value: []const u8,
+};
+
+/// Replace every `{{name}}` in `template` with its bound value.
+///
+/// An unknown name is left exactly as written rather than blanked out: a
+/// literal `{{` in a script is far more likely to be a typo than a deliberate
+/// erasure, and leaving it visible makes that obvious in the pane.
+pub fn expand(
+    alloc: std.mem.Allocator,
+    template: []const u8,
+    bindings: []const Binding,
+) ![]u8 {
+    var out: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(u8) = .empty;
+    errdefer out.deinit(alloc);
+
+    var rest = template;
+    while (std.mem.indexOf(u8, rest, "{{")) |open| {
+        const after = rest[open + 2 ..];
+        const close = std.mem.indexOf(u8, after, "}}") orelse break;
+
+        const name = std.mem.trim(u8, after[0..close], &std.ascii.whitespace);
+        try out.appendSlice(alloc, rest[0..open]);
+
+        if (lookup(bindings, name)) |value| {
+            try out.appendSlice(alloc, value);
+        } else {
+            try out.appendSlice(alloc, rest[open .. open + 2 + close + 2]);
+        }
+
+        rest = after[close + 2 ..];
+    }
+    try out.appendSlice(alloc, rest);
+
+    return out.toOwnedSlice(alloc);
+}
+
+fn lookup(bindings: []const Binding, name: []const u8) ?[]const u8 {
+    for (bindings) |b| {
+        if (std.mem.eql(u8, b.name, name)) return b.value;
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+
+/// Expand a path the way a shell would treat it: `{{...}}` first, then a
+/// leading `~`. Returns an empty slice for an empty template, meaning
+/// "wherever the app was started".
+pub fn expandPath(
+    alloc: std.mem.Allocator,
+    template: []const u8,
+    bindings: []const Binding,
+) ![]u8 {
+    const expanded = try expand(alloc, template, bindings);
+    if (!std.mem.startsWith(u8, expanded, "~")) return expanded;
+    if (expanded.len > 1 and expanded[1] != '/') return expanded;
+
+    const home = std.mem.span(glib.getHomeDir());
+    if (home.len == 0) return expanded;
+    defer alloc.free(expanded);
+
+    return std.fmt.allocPrint(alloc, "{s}{s}", .{ home, expanded[1..] });
+}

src/OpenLayoutDialog.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+//! "Open layout": one field per parameter, prefilled with its default.
+//!
+//! A layout with no parameters never gets here — the caller opens it straight
+//! away rather than showing an empty dialog with nothing to fill in.
+//!
+//! The values are handed back as borrowed slices pointing into the entries,
+//! which is safe because the callback runs while the dialog is still up and
+//! the view copies everything during substitution.
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const gtk = @import("gtk");
+
+const Layouts = @import("Layouts.zig");
+
+const OpenLayoutDialog = @This();
+
+pub const Callback = *const fn (
+    ctx: ?*anyopaque,
+    layout: *Layouts.Layout,
+    bindings: []const Layouts.Binding,
+) void;
+
+alloc: std.mem.Allocator,
+window: *gtk.Window,
+layout: *Layouts.Layout,
+
+/// One entry per parameter, in the layout's own order.
+entries: []*gtk.Entry,
+
+on_open: Callback,
+ctx: ?*anyopaque,
+
+pub fn present(
+    alloc: std.mem.Allocator,
+    parent: *gtk.Window,
+    layout: *Layouts.Layout,
+    on_open: Callback,
+    ctx: ?*anyopaque,
+) !void {
+    const self = try alloc.create(OpenLayoutDialog);
+    errdefer alloc.destroy(self);
+
+    const entries = try alloc.alloc(*gtk.Entry, layout.parameters.len);
+    errdefer alloc.free(entries);
+
+    self.* = .{
+        .alloc = alloc,
+        .window = gtk.Window.new(),
+        .layout = layout,
+        .entries = entries,
+        .on_open = on_open,
+        .ctx = ctx,
+    };
+
+    var title_buf: [128]u8 = undefined;
+    const title = std.fmt.bufPrintZ(&title_buf, "Open “{s}”", .{layout.name}) catch "Open layout";
+    self.window.setTitle(title);
+    self.window.setTransientFor(parent);
+    self.window.setModal(1);
+    self.window.setDefaultSize(480, -1);
+    self.window.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-dialog");
+
+    const content = gtk.Box.new(.vertical, 12);
+    content.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-dialog-content");
+
+    const fields = gtk.Grid.new();
+    fields.setRowSpacing(8);
+    fields.setColumnSpacing(12);
+
+    for (layout.parameters, 0..) |param, i| {
+        const label = gtk.Label.new(null);
+        // The description is what the author wrote for a human; the bare name
+        // is the fallback so a parameter is never unlabelled.
+        var label_buf: [128]u8 = undefined;
+        const text = if (param.description.len > 0) param.description else param.name;
+        label.setText(std.fmt.bufPrintZ(&label_buf, "{s}", .{text}) catch "parameter");
+        label.setXalign(0);
+        label.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-dialog-label");
+        fields.attach(label.as(gtk.Widget), 0, @intCast(i), 1, 1);
+
+        const entry = gtk.Entry.new();
+        entry.as(gtk.Widget).setHexpand(1);
+        setEntryText(entry, param.default);
+
+        var hint_buf: [128]u8 = undefined;
+        entry.setPlaceholderText(
+            std.fmt.bufPrintZ(&hint_buf, "{{{{{s}}}}}", .{param.name}) catch null,
+        );
+
+        // Enter anywhere in the form opens the layout, so a one-parameter
+        // layout is type-and-go.
+        _ = gtk.Entry.signals.activate.connect(
+            entry,
+            *OpenLayoutDialog,
+            &onEntryActivate,
+            self,
+            .{},
+        );
+
+        fields.attach(entry.as(gtk.Widget), 1, @intCast(i), 1, 1);
+        entries[i] = entry;
+    }
+    content.append(fields.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    const buttons = gtk.Box.new(.horizontal, 8);
+    buttons.as(gtk.Widget).setHalign(.end);
+
+    const cancel = gtk.Button.newWithLabel("Cancel");
+    _ = gtk.Button.signals.clicked.connect(cancel, *OpenLayoutDialog, &onCancel, self, .{});
+    buttons.append(cancel.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    const open = gtk.Button.newWithLabel("Open");
+    open.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("suggested-action");
+    _ = gtk.Button.signals.clicked.connect(open, *OpenLayoutDialog, &onOpen, self, .{});
+    buttons.append(open.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    content.append(buttons.as(gtk.Widget));
+    self.window.setChild(content.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    _ = gtk.Widget.signals.destroy.connect(
+        self.window,
+        *OpenLayoutDialog,
+        &onDestroy,
+        self,
+        .{},
+    );
+
+    self.window.present();
+    if (entries.len > 0) _ = entries[0].as(gtk.Widget).grabFocus();
+}
+
+fn setEntryText(entry: *gtk.Entry, text: []const u8) void {
+    var buf: [1024]u8 = undefined;
+    const z = std.fmt.bufPrintZ(&buf, "{s}", .{text}) catch return;
+    entry.as(gtk.Editable).setText(z);
+}
+
+fn submit(self: *OpenLayoutDialog) void {
+    var storage: [16]Layouts.Binding = undefined;
+    const count = @min(self.entries.len, storage.len);
+
+    for (self.entries[0..count], 0..) |entry, i| {
+        storage[i] = .{
+            .name = self.layout.parameters[i].name,
+            .value = std.mem.span(entry.as(gtk.Editable).getText()),
+        };
+    }
+
+    // The callback builds the tab while this window is still alive, so the
+    // borrowed entry text stays valid for the whole substitution pass.
+    self.on_open(self.ctx, self.layout, storage[0..count]);
+    self.window.destroy();
+}
+
+fn onOpen(_: *gtk.Button, self: *OpenLayoutDialog) callconv(.c) void {
+    self.submit();
+}
+
+fn onEntryActivate(_: *gtk.Entry, self: *OpenLayoutDialog) callconv(.c) void {
+    self.submit();
+}
+
+fn onCancel(_: *gtk.Button, self: *OpenLayoutDialog) callconv(.c) void {
+    self.window.destroy();
+}
+
+fn onDestroy(_: *gtk.Window, self: *OpenLayoutDialog) callconv(.c) void {
+    self.alloc.free(self.entries);
+    self.alloc.destroy(self);
+}

src/Pane.zig

@@ -49,6 +49,26 @@ pub const Kind = enum {
     }
 };
 
+/// Everything needed to open a pane: which kind, and what that kind needs to
+/// start with. A pane opened the ordinary way uses the defaults; one opened
+/// from a layout carries that layout's directory, script or URL.
+pub const Spec = union(Kind) {
+    terminal: Terminal.Options,
+    web: Browser.Options,
+
+    /// A plain pane of the given kind, with nothing preloaded.
+    pub fn plain(of: Kind) Spec {
+        return switch (of) {
+            .terminal => .{ .terminal = .{} },
+            .web => .{ .web = .{} },
+        };
+    }
+
+    pub fn kind(self: Spec) Kind {
+        return self;
+    }
+};
+
 /// What a content kind reports back to its pane. Shared by both kinds so the
 /// pane can wire either one up with the same handlers.
 pub const Callbacks = struct {
@@ -108,10 +128,12 @@ label: *gtk.Label,
 /// Latest title reported by the content, kept NUL-terminated for GTK.
 title: [128:0]u8 = @splat(0),
 
-pub fn create(alloc: std.mem.Allocator, view: *View, kind: Kind) !*Pane {
+pub fn create(alloc: std.mem.Allocator, view: *View, spec: Spec) !*Pane {
     const self = try alloc.create(Pane);
     errdefer alloc.destroy(self);
 
+    const kind = spec.kind();
+
     self.* = .{
         .alloc = alloc,
         .view = view,
@@ -124,16 +146,16 @@ pub fn create(alloc: std.mem.Allocator, view: *View, kind: Kind) !*Pane {
     setTitle(self, kind.initialTitle());
 
     // Both constructors take the same callbacks, so the only thing that
-    // varies between kinds is which one is called.
+    // varies between kinds is which one is called and what it is given.
     const callbacks: Callbacks = .{
         .on_title = &onContentTitle,
         .on_exit = &onContentExit,
         .on_focus = &onContentFocus,
         .ctx = self,
     };
-    self.content = switch (kind) {
+    self.content = switch (spec) {
-        .terminal => .{ .terminal = try .create(alloc, callbacks) },
+        .terminal => |opts| .{ .terminal = try .create(alloc, opts, callbacks) },
-        .web => .{ .web = try .create(alloc, callbacks) },
+        .web => |opts| .{ .web = try .create(alloc, opts, callbacks) },
     };
     errdefer self.content.destroy();
 
@@ -396,13 +418,13 @@ fn onContentFocus(ctx: ?*anyopaque) void {
 }
 
 fn onSplitClicked(_: *gtk.Button, self: *Pane) callconv(.c) void {
-    self.view.addPane(.terminal) catch |err| {
+    self.view.addPane(.plain(.terminal)) catch |err| {
         std.log.err("failed to open terminal: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
     };
 }
 
 fn onWebClicked(_: *gtk.Button, self: *Pane) callconv(.c) void {
-    self.view.addPane(.web) catch |err| {
+    self.view.addPane(.plain(.web)) catch |err| {
         std.log.err("failed to open web view: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
     };
 }

src/Pty.zig

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ const c = struct {
     extern "c" fn ptsname_r(fd: c_int, buf: [*]u8, buflen: usize) c_int;
     extern "c" fn setsid() pid_t;
     extern "c" fn fork() pid_t;
+    extern "c" fn chdir(path: [*:0]const u8) c_int;
+    extern "c" fn readlink(path: [*:0]const u8, buf: [*]u8, bufsiz: usize) isize;
     extern "c" fn close(fd: fd_t) c_int;
     extern "c" fn dup2(old: fd_t, new: fd_t) c_int;
     extern "c" fn open(path: [*:0]const u8, flags: c_int, ...) c_int;
@@ -86,10 +88,15 @@ pub const Error = error{
 /// started by running e.g. /usr/bin/zsh with an argv[0] of "-zsh"; folding
 /// them together would pass "-zsh" as an ordinary argument instead, which
 /// shells either misparse or reject outright.
+///
+/// `dir` is the directory the child starts in. A null, or a directory that
+/// cannot be entered, leaves it wherever the app was started — a layout
+/// naming a path that no longer exists should still give you a usable shell.
 pub fn create(
     alloc: std.mem.Allocator,
     path: [:0]const u8,
     argv: []const [:0]const u8,
+    dir: ?[:0]const u8,
     size: Winsize,
 ) !Pty {
     const master = c.posix_openpt(O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY);
@@ -120,7 +127,7 @@ pub fn create(
     const pid = c.fork();
     if (pid < 0) return Error.ForkFailed;
     if (pid == 0) {
-        childExec(master, slave_path_z, path, argv_z, envp_z);
+        childExec(master, slave_path_z, path, argv_z, envp_z, dir);
         // childExec only returns on failure, and a forked child has no
         // sensible way to report that back to us.
         c._exit(127);
@@ -136,9 +143,17 @@ fn childExec(
     path: [:0]const u8,
     argv: [:null]const ?[*:0]const u8,
     envp: [:null]const ?[*:0]const u8,
+    dir: ?[:0]const u8,
 ) void {
     _ = c.close(master);
 
+    // Deliberately unchecked: a layout pointing at a directory that has since
+    // been moved or deleted should still open a shell, in the directory the
+    // app was started from, rather than a pane that dies on arrival.
+    if (dir) |d| if (d.len > 0) {
+        _ = c.chdir(d.ptr);
+    };
+
     // A new session detaches us from the parent's controlling terminal so
     // that we can claim the slave as our own below.
     if (c.setsid() < 0) return;
@@ -211,6 +226,28 @@ fn freeEnv(alloc: std.mem.Allocator, envp: [:null]?[*:0]const u8) void {
     alloc.free(envp);
 }
 
+/// The child's current working directory, copied into `buf`, or null if it
+/// can't be read.
+///
+/// This is the shell's directory as of right now, not the one it started in,
+/// which is what makes "save this tab as a layout" record where you actually
+/// are rather than where you began. Read straight out of procfs: there is no
+/// portable API for it, and this app is Linux-only regardless.
+pub fn cwd(self: Pty, buf: []u8) ?[]const u8 {
+    var link_buf: [64]u8 = undefined;
+    const link = std.fmt.bufPrintZ(&link_buf, "/proc/{d}/cwd", .{self.pid}) catch return null;
+
+    const n = c.readlink(link.ptr, buf.ptr, buf.len);
+    if (n <= 0) return null;
+
+    const len: usize = @intCast(n);
+    // readlink truncates rather than failing, and a truncated path is worse
+    // than none: it would silently point somewhere else.
+    if (len >= buf.len) return null;
+
+    return buf[0..len];
+}
+
 /// Tell the child its window changed size. This both updates the kernel's
 /// idea of the terminal size and delivers SIGWINCH to the foreground group.
 pub fn setSize(self: Pty, size: Winsize) void {

src/SaveLayoutDialog.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+//! The layout editor, used both for saving the current tab as a layout and for
+//! editing one that is already saved. Either way the job is the same: name the
+//! arrangement, declare its parameters, and say what each pane starts with.
+//!
+//! The shape is not edited here. When saving, it was captured from the live tab
+//! before this opened, splits and ratios and all; when editing, it is whatever
+//! the layout already had. That is why there is no layout builder in this app —
+//! you build a layout by arranging a tab the way you already do, and reshape an
+//! existing one by opening it, rearranging, and saving over it. What is left is
+//! the part the app cannot infer: the scripts.
+//!
+//! The tree is allocated in the layout store's arena in both cases, so saving
+//! writes the edited strings straight back into its leaves. Nothing is written
+//! until the confirm button, so cancelling an edit leaves the layout alone.
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const gtk = @import("gtk");
+
+const Layouts = @import("Layouts.zig");
+
+const SaveLayoutDialog = @This();
+
+pub const Callback = *const fn (ctx: ?*anyopaque) void;
+
+/// A parameter being edited. Rows can be added and removed, so each one owns
+/// its widgets and is tracked by pointer rather than by index.
+const ParamRow = struct {
+    dialog: *SaveLayoutDialog,
+    box: *gtk.Box,
+    name: *gtk.Entry,
+    description: *gtk.Entry,
+    default: *gtk.Entry,
+};
+
+/// One captured pane and the fields that fill it in.
+const PaneRow = struct {
+    node: *Layouts.Node,
+
+    /// Directory and script, for a terminal pane.
+    cwd: ?*gtk.Entry = null,
+    command: ?*gtk.Entry = null,
+
+    /// Page to open, for a web pane.
+    url: ?*gtk.Entry = null,
+};
+
+/// How the editor was opened. The two differ only in wording and in whether
+/// there is an existing entry to replace.
+pub const Options = struct {
+    /// Window title.
+    title: [:0]const u8,
+
+    /// Verb on the confirm button.
+    confirm: [:0]const u8,
+
+    /// What the name field starts as.
+    name: []const u8,
+
+    /// Parameter rows to start with, for editing a layout that has some.
+    parameters: []const Layouts.Parameter = &.{},
+
+    /// The name this layout is currently filed under, when editing. Renaming
+    /// then has to drop the old entry, or the edit would leave the original
+    /// sitting in the menu alongside its replacement.
+    original_name: ?[]const u8 = null,
+};
+
+alloc: std.mem.Allocator,
+layouts: *Layouts,
+window: *gtk.Window,
+
+root: *Layouts.Node,
+original_name: ?[]const u8,
+
+name_entry: *gtk.Entry,
+
+/// Container the parameter rows live in, so rows can be appended after the
+/// dialog is already on screen.
+params_box: *gtk.Box,
+params: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(*ParamRow) = .empty,
+
+panes: []PaneRow,
+
+/// Shown instead of silently doing nothing when the name is empty or the
+/// write fails.
+error_label: *gtk.Label,
+
+on_saved: Callback,
+ctx: ?*anyopaque,
+
+pub fn present(
+    alloc: std.mem.Allocator,
+    parent: *gtk.Window,
+    layouts: *Layouts,
+    root: *Layouts.Node,
+    opts: Options,
+    on_saved: Callback,
+    ctx: ?*anyopaque,
+) !void {
+    const self = try alloc.create(SaveLayoutDialog);
+    errdefer alloc.destroy(self);
+
+    self.* = .{
+        .alloc = alloc,
+        .layouts = layouts,
+        .window = gtk.Window.new(),
+        .root = root,
+        .original_name = opts.original_name,
+        .name_entry = gtk.Entry.new(),
+        .params_box = gtk.Box.new(.vertical, 6),
+        .panes = undefined,
+        .error_label = gtk.Label.new(null),
+        .on_saved = on_saved,
+        .ctx = ctx,
+    };
+
+    self.window.setTitle(opts.title);
+    self.window.setTransientFor(parent);
+    self.window.setModal(1);
+    self.window.setDefaultSize(560, 620);
+    self.window.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-dialog");
+
+    const content = gtk.Box.new(.vertical, 12);
+    content.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-dialog-content");
+
+    // ---- name ----------------------------------------------------------
+    content.append(heading("Name"));
+    setEntryText(self.name_entry, opts.name);
+    self.name_entry.setPlaceholderText("Layout name");
+    _ = gtk.Entry.signals.activate.connect(
+        self.name_entry,
+        *SaveLayoutDialog,
+        &onNameActivate,
+        self,
+        .{},
+    );
+    content.append(self.name_entry.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    // ---- parameters ----------------------------------------------------
+    content.append(heading("Parameters"));
+    content.append(hint(
+        "Referred to as {{name}} in any directory, script or address below.",
+    ));
+    content.append(self.params_box.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    for (opts.parameters) |param| try self.addParamRow(param);
+
+    const add = gtk.Button.newWithLabel("Add parameter");
+    add.as(gtk.Widget).setHalign(.start);
+    add.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("flat");
+    _ = gtk.Button.signals.clicked.connect(add, *SaveLayoutDialog, &onAddParam, self, .{});
+    content.append(add.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    // ---- panes -----------------------------------------------------------
+    content.append(heading("Panes"));
+
+    // Leaves in tree order, which reads top-left to bottom-right on screen.
+    var leaves: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(*Layouts.Node) = .empty;
+    defer leaves.deinit(alloc);
+    try collectLeaves(alloc, root, &leaves);
+
+    self.panes = try alloc.alloc(PaneRow, leaves.items.len);
+    errdefer alloc.free(self.panes);
+
+    for (leaves.items, 0..) |leaf, i| {
+        self.panes[i] = .{ .node = leaf };
+        content.append(self.buildPaneSection(i, leaf));
+    }
+
+    // ---- footer ----------------------------------------------------------
+    self.error_label.setXalign(0);
+    self.error_label.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-dialog-error");
+    self.error_label.as(gtk.Widget).setVisible(0);
+    content.append(self.error_label.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    const scroller = gtk.ScrolledWindow.new();
+    scroller.setPolicy(.never, .automatic);
+    scroller.as(gtk.Widget).setVexpand(1);
+    scroller.setChild(content.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    const buttons = gtk.Box.new(.horizontal, 8);
+    buttons.as(gtk.Widget).setHalign(.end);
+    buttons.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-dialog-actions");
+
+    const cancel = gtk.Button.newWithLabel("Cancel");
+    _ = gtk.Button.signals.clicked.connect(cancel, *SaveLayoutDialog, &onCancel, self, .{});
+    buttons.append(cancel.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    const save = gtk.Button.newWithLabel(opts.confirm);
+    save.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("suggested-action");
+    _ = gtk.Button.signals.clicked.connect(save, *SaveLayoutDialog, &onSave, self, .{});
+    buttons.append(save.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    const outer = gtk.Box.new(.vertical, 0);
+    outer.append(scroller.as(gtk.Widget));
+    outer.append(buttons.as(gtk.Widget));
+    self.window.setChild(outer.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    _ = gtk.Widget.signals.destroy.connect(
+        self.window,
+        *SaveLayoutDialog,
+        &onDestroy,
+        self,
+        .{},
+    );
+
+    self.window.present();
+    _ = self.name_entry.as(gtk.Widget).grabFocus();
+}
+
+/// The fields for one captured pane, prefilled with whatever could be read off
+/// the live pane: a terminal's current directory, a web pane's current page.
+fn buildPaneSection(self: *SaveLayoutDialog, index: usize, leaf: *Layouts.Node) *gtk.Widget {
+    const spec = leaf.pane;
+
+    const box = gtk.Box.new(.vertical, 4);
+    box.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-dialog-pane");
+
+    var title_buf: [64]u8 = undefined;
+    const title = std.fmt.bufPrintZ(&title_buf, "Pane {d} — {s}", .{
+        index + 1,
+        @tagName(spec.kind),
+    }) catch "Pane";
+    const label = gtk.Label.new(title);
+    label.setXalign(0);
+    label.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-dialog-label");
+    box.append(label.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    const grid = gtk.Grid.new();
+    grid.setRowSpacing(4);
+    grid.setColumnSpacing(8);
+
+    switch (spec.kind) {
+        .terminal => {
+            const cwd = field(grid, 0, "Directory", spec.cwd, "~/projects/{{path}}");
+            const command = field(grid, 1, "Script", spec.command, "npm run dev");
+            self.panes[index].cwd = cwd;
+            self.panes[index].command = command;
+        },
+        .web => {
+            const url = field(grid, 0, "Address", spec.url, "https://example.com");
+            self.panes[index].url = url;
+        },
+    }
+
+    box.append(grid.as(gtk.Widget));
+    return box.as(gtk.Widget);
+}
+
+fn field(
+    grid: *gtk.Grid,
+    row: c_int,
+    label_text: [:0]const u8,
+    value: []const u8,
+    placeholder: [:0]const u8,
+) *gtk.Entry {
+    const label = gtk.Label.new(label_text);
+    label.setXalign(0);
+    label.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-dialog-sublabel");
+    grid.attach(label.as(gtk.Widget), 0, row, 1, 1);
+
+    const entry = gtk.Entry.new();
+    entry.as(gtk.Widget).setHexpand(1);
+    entry.setPlaceholderText(placeholder);
+    setEntryText(entry, value);
+    grid.attach(entry.as(gtk.Widget), 1, row, 1, 1);
+
+    return entry;
+}
+
+fn collectLeaves(
+    alloc: std.mem.Allocator,
+    node: *Layouts.Node,
+    out: *std.ArrayListUnmanaged(*Layouts.Node),
+) !void {
+    switch (node.*) {
+        .pane => try out.append(alloc, node),
+        .split => |s| {
+            try collectLeaves(alloc, s.first, out);
+            try collectLeaves(alloc, s.second, out);
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Parameter rows
+
+fn addParamRow(self: *SaveLayoutDialog, param: Layouts.Parameter) !void {
+    const row = try self.alloc.create(ParamRow);
+    errdefer self.alloc.destroy(row);
+
+    row.* = .{
+        .dialog = self,
+        .box = gtk.Box.new(.horizontal, 6),
+        .name = gtk.Entry.new(),
+        .description = gtk.Entry.new(),
+        .default = gtk.Entry.new(),
+    };
+
+    row.name.setPlaceholderText("name");
+    setEntryText(row.name, param.name);
+    row.box.append(row.name.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    row.description.setPlaceholderText("what it means");
+    row.description.as(gtk.Widget).setHexpand(1);
+    setEntryText(row.description, param.description);
+    row.box.append(row.description.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    row.default.setPlaceholderText("default");
+    setEntryText(row.default, param.default);
+    row.box.append(row.default.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    const remove = gtk.Button.newFromIconName("list-remove-symbolic");
+    remove.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("flat");
+    _ = gtk.Button.signals.clicked.connect(remove, *ParamRow, &onRemoveParam, row, .{});
+    row.box.append(remove.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    try self.params.append(self.alloc, row);
+    self.params_box.append(row.box.as(gtk.Widget));
+}
+
+fn onAddParam(_: *gtk.Button, self: *SaveLayoutDialog) callconv(.c) void {
+    self.addParamRow(.{ .name = "" }) catch |err| {
+        std.log.err("failed to add parameter row: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
+    };
+}
+
+fn onRemoveParam(_: *gtk.Button, row: *ParamRow) callconv(.c) void {
+    const self = row.dialog;
+    for (self.params.items, 0..) |candidate, i| {
+        if (candidate == row) {
+            _ = self.params.orderedRemove(i);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    self.params_box.remove(row.box.as(gtk.Widget));
+    self.alloc.destroy(row);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Saving
+
+fn onSave(_: *gtk.Button, self: *SaveLayoutDialog) callconv(.c) void {
+    self.commit();
+}
+
+fn onNameActivate(_: *gtk.Entry, self: *SaveLayoutDialog) callconv(.c) void {
+    self.commit();
+}
+
+fn commit(self: *SaveLayoutDialog) void {
+    const name = std.mem.trim(
+        u8,
+        std.mem.span(self.name_entry.as(gtk.Editable).getText()),
+        &std.ascii.whitespace,
+    );
+    if (name.len == 0) {
+        self.showError("Give the layout a name.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Everything that can refuse the save happens before anything is written.
+    // Editing writes straight into the live layout's own nodes, so bailing out
+    // half way would leave it altered on screen but unaltered on disk.
+    //
+    // Renaming *onto* another layout is refused rather than silently replacing
+    // it. Saving over a name is a deliberate act when you type it into the save
+    // dialog; reaching it by renaming something else is a mistake, and the
+    // layout it would destroy isn't the one on screen.
+    const renaming = if (self.original_name) |original|
+        !std.mem.eql(u8, original, name)
+    else
+        false;
+
+    if (renaming and self.layouts.find(name) != null) {
+        self.showError("Another layout already has that name.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const builder = self.layouts.builder();
+
+    // Write the edited fields back into the captured tree. Everything is
+    // copied into the store's arena, so it outlives these widgets.
+    for (self.panes) |row| {
+        const spec = &row.node.pane;
+        if (row.cwd) |e| spec.cwd = builder.dupe(entryText(e)) catch {
+            self.showError("Out of memory.");
+            return;
+        };
+        if (row.command) |e| spec.command = builder.dupe(entryText(e)) catch {
+            self.showError("Out of memory.");
+            return;
+        };
+        if (row.url) |e| spec.url = builder.dupe(entryText(e)) catch {
+            self.showError("Out of memory.");
+            return;
+        };
+    }
+
+    var params: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(Layouts.Parameter) = .empty;
+    defer params.deinit(self.alloc);
+
+    for (self.params.items) |row| {
+        const param_name = std.mem.trim(u8, entryText(row.name), &std.ascii.whitespace);
+        // A row left blank is someone who clicked Add and changed their mind,
+        // not a parameter called "".
+        if (param_name.len == 0) continue;
+        params.append(self.alloc, .{
+            .name = param_name,
+            .description = entryText(row.description),
+            .default = entryText(row.default),
+        }) catch {
+            self.showError("Out of memory.");
+            return;
+        };
+    }
+
+    // A rename moves the layout rather than cloning it. Dropping the old entry
+    // first also means `put` appends under the new name instead of finding a
+    // stale match.
+    if (renaming) self.layouts.remove(self.original_name.?);
+
+    self.layouts.put(name, params.items, self.root) catch {
+        self.showError("Out of memory.");
+        return;
+    };
+
+    self.layouts.save() catch {
+        // The layout is in memory but not on disk. Say so rather than closing
+        // as though it worked; reopening the app would lose it.
+        self.showError("Could not write the layouts file.");
+        return;
+    };
+
+    self.on_saved(self.ctx);
+    self.window.destroy();
+}
+
+fn entryText(entry: *gtk.Entry) []const u8 {
+    return std.mem.span(entry.as(gtk.Editable).getText());
+}
+
+fn showError(self: *SaveLayoutDialog, message: [:0]const u8) void {
+    self.error_label.setText(message);
+    self.error_label.as(gtk.Widget).setVisible(1);
+}
+
+fn onCancel(_: *gtk.Button, self: *SaveLayoutDialog) callconv(.c) void {
+    self.window.destroy();
+}
+
+fn onDestroy(_: *gtk.Window, self: *SaveLayoutDialog) callconv(.c) void {
+    for (self.params.items) |row| self.alloc.destroy(row);
+    self.params.deinit(self.alloc);
+    self.alloc.free(self.panes);
+    self.alloc.destroy(self);
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Small widget helpers
+
+fn heading(text: [:0]const u8) *gtk.Widget {
+    const label = gtk.Label.new(text);
+    label.setXalign(0);
+    label.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-dialog-heading");
+    return label.as(gtk.Widget);
+}
+
+fn hint(text: [:0]const u8) *gtk.Widget {
+    const label = gtk.Label.new(text);
+    label.setXalign(0);
+    label.setWrap(1);
+    label.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-dialog-hint");
+    return label.as(gtk.Widget);
+}
+
+fn setEntryText(entry: *gtk.Entry, text: []const u8) void {
+    var buf: [4096]u8 = undefined;
+    const z = std.fmt.bufPrintZ(&buf, "{s}", .{text}) catch return;
+    entry.as(gtk.Editable).setText(z);
+}

src/Session.zig

@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ watch: c_uint = 0,
 /// True once the child process has exited and the PTY hung up.
 exited: bool = false,
 
+/// A script to run once the shell is ready, from the layout this pane came
+/// from. Held rather than written at spawn time — see `flushStartupCommand`.
+startup_command: ?[]u8 = null,
+
 /// Called after terminal state changes, so the owner can queue a redraw.
 on_damage: *const fn (ctx: ?*anyopaque) void,
 
@@ -55,10 +59,21 @@ pub const Callbacks = struct {
     ctx: ?*anyopaque,
 };
 
+/// What a layout can ask for beyond a plain shell. Both are empty for a
+/// terminal opened the ordinary way.
+pub const Options = struct {
+    /// Directory the shell starts in.
+    cwd: []const u8 = "",
+
+    /// Script fed to the shell once it is up.
+    command: []const u8 = "",
+};
+
 pub fn create(
     alloc: std.mem.Allocator,
     cols: u16,
     rows: u16,
+    opts: Options,
     cbs: Callbacks,
 ) !*Session {
     const self = try alloc.create(Session);
@@ -103,12 +118,22 @@ pub fn create(
     }, 0);
     defer alloc.free(argv0);
 
-    self.pty = try .create(alloc, shell, &.{argv0}, .{
+    const cwd_z: ?[:0]const u8 = if (opts.cwd.len > 0)
+        try alloc.dupeZ(u8, opts.cwd)
+    else
+        null;
+    defer if (cwd_z) |z| alloc.free(z);
+
+    self.pty = try .create(alloc, shell, &.{argv0}, cwd_z, .{
         .ws_row = rows,
         .ws_col = cols,
     });
     errdefer self.pty.deinit();
 
+    if (opts.command.len > 0) {
+        self.startup_command = try alloc.dupe(u8, opts.command);
+    }
+
     self.watch = glibunix.fdAdd(
         self.pty.master,
         .{ .in = true, .hup = true, .err = true },
@@ -120,6 +145,7 @@ pub fn create(
 }
 
 pub fn destroy(self: *Session) void {
+    if (self.startup_command) |cmd| self.alloc.free(cmd);
     if (self.watch != 0) _ = glib.Source.remove(self.watch);
     self.pty.deinit();
     self.stream.deinit();
@@ -161,6 +187,7 @@ fn onReadable(
         var buf: [read_buf_size]u8 = undefined;
         if (self.pty.read(&buf)) |n| {
             self.stream.nextSlice(buf[0..n]);
+            self.flushStartupCommand();
             self.on_damage(self.ctx);
             return 1;
         }
@@ -173,6 +200,27 @@ fn onReadable(
     return 0;
 }
 
+/// Type a layout's script into the shell, once, as soon as the shell has
+/// shown that it is alive.
+///
+/// The wait matters. Writing at spawn time puts the script into the tty input
+/// buffer before the shell has started, and shells that set up line editing
+/// (zsh's ZLE, bash's readline) can discard whatever was buffered while they
+/// were initializing, so the command silently vanishes. The shell's first
+/// output — its prompt — is proof that it has finished starting and is reading
+/// input, which is exactly the moment this becomes safe.
+///
+/// It is typed rather than executed for us, so the shell is still there
+/// afterwards with the script sitting in its history.
+fn flushStartupCommand(self: *Session) void {
+    const command = self.startup_command orelse return;
+    self.startup_command = null;
+    defer self.alloc.free(command);
+
+    self.pty.writeAll(command);
+    self.pty.writeAll("\n");
+}
+
 /// Effect callback: the terminal wants to send bytes back to the child.
 fn effectWritePty(handler: *vt.TerminalStream.Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
     const self = fromHandler(handler);

src/Terminal.zig

@@ -54,7 +54,14 @@ on_focus: *const fn (ctx: ?*anyopaque) void,
 
 ctx: ?*anyopaque = null,
 
-pub fn create(alloc: std.mem.Allocator, cbs: Pane.Callbacks) !*Terminal {
+/// What a layout can specify for a terminal pane.
+pub const Options = Session.Options;
+
+pub fn create(
+    alloc: std.mem.Allocator,
+    opts: Options,
+    cbs: Pane.Callbacks,
+) !*Terminal {
     const self = try alloc.create(Terminal);
     errdefer alloc.destroy(self);
 
@@ -76,7 +83,7 @@ pub fn create(alloc: std.mem.Allocator, cbs: Pane.Callbacks) !*Terminal {
 
     // The grid size follows the widget size, but we need a starting point
     // for the session before the widget has ever been allocated.
-    self.session = try .create(alloc, 80, 24, .{
+    self.session = try .create(alloc, 80, 24, opts, .{
         .on_damage = &onDamage,
         .on_title = &onSessionTitle,
         .on_exit = &onSessionExit,

src/View.zig

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ const std = @import("std");
 const gtk = @import("gtk");
 
 const Layout = @import("Layout.zig");
+const Layouts = @import("Layouts.zig");
 const Pane = @import("Pane.zig");
 const Terminal = @import("Terminal.zig");
 
@@ -152,8 +153,8 @@ pub fn focus(self: *View) void {
 
 /// Add a pane, splitting the focused one so the new pane appears beside
 /// whatever you were working in.
-pub fn addPane(self: *View, kind: Kind) !void {
+pub fn addPane(self: *View, spec: Pane.Spec) !void {
-    const pane = try Pane.create(self.alloc, self, kind);
+    const pane = try Pane.create(self.alloc, self, spec);
     errdefer pane.destroy();
 
     const node = try self.layout.newLeaf(pane);
@@ -228,6 +229,141 @@ pub fn paneTitleChanged(self: *View, pane: *Pane) void {
     if (self.focused == pane or self.panes.items.len == 1) self.on_title(self.ctx);
 }
 
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Layouts
+
+/// Fill an empty view from a saved layout, substituting `bindings` into every
+/// directory, script and URL as the panes are created.
+///
+/// Only valid on a view that has no panes yet — a layout describes a whole
+/// tab, not an addition to one.
+pub fn applyLayout(
+    self: *View,
+    spec: *const Layouts.Node,
+    bindings: []const Layouts.Binding,
+) !void {
+    std.debug.assert(self.panes.items.len == 0);
+
+    const root = try self.buildNode(spec, bindings);
+    self.layout.root = root;
+    root.parent = null;
+    self.layout.materialize(self.box);
+
+    // The first pane in tree order is the top-left one, which is where you
+    // would start reading the tab and so where focus belongs.
+    if (self.panes.items.len > 0) {
+        self.setFocused(self.panes.items[0]);
+        self.panes.items[0].grabFocus();
+    }
+    self.on_title(self.ctx);
+}
+
+/// Build one subtree. Panes are appended to `self.panes` as they are created,
+/// so a failure part-way leaves them owned by the view and torn down with it
+/// rather than leaked.
+fn buildNode(
+    self: *View,
+    spec: *const Layouts.Node,
+    bindings: []const Layouts.Binding,
+) !*Layout.Node {
+    switch (spec.*) {
+        .pane => |p| {
+            const pane_spec = try self.paneSpec(p, bindings);
+            defer freePaneSpec(self.alloc, pane_spec);
+
+            const pane = try Pane.create(self.alloc, self, pane_spec);
+            errdefer pane.destroy();
+
+            const node = try self.layout.newLeaf(pane);
+            errdefer self.alloc.destroy(node);
+
+            try self.panes.append(self.alloc, pane);
+            return node;
+        },
+        .split => |s| {
+            const first = try self.buildNode(s.first, bindings);
+            const second = try self.buildNode(s.second, bindings);
+            return self.layout.newSplit(
+                switch (s.orientation) {
+                    .horizontal => .horizontal,
+                    .vertical => .vertical,
+                },
+                first,
+                second,
+                s.ratio,
+            );
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+/// Turn a layout's pane description into the spec `Pane.create` wants, with
+/// parameters substituted. The strings are owned by the caller.
+fn paneSpec(
+    self: *View,
+    p: Layouts.Pane,
+    bindings: []const Layouts.Binding,
+) !Pane.Spec {
+    return switch (p.kind) {
+        .terminal => blk: {
+            const cwd = try Layouts.expandPath(self.alloc, p.cwd, bindings);
+            errdefer self.alloc.free(cwd);
+            const command = try Layouts.expand(self.alloc, p.command, bindings);
+            break :blk .{ .terminal = .{ .cwd = cwd, .command = command } };
+        },
+        .web => .{ .web = .{
+            .url = try Layouts.expand(self.alloc, p.url, bindings),
+        } },
+    };
+}
+
+fn freePaneSpec(alloc: std.mem.Allocator, spec: Pane.Spec) void {
+    switch (spec) {
+        .terminal => |o| {
+            alloc.free(o.cwd);
+            alloc.free(o.command);
+        },
+        .web => |o| alloc.free(o.url),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Capture this view's arrangement as a layout tree, for "save tab as layout".
+///
+/// The shape, split orientations and divider ratios come across exactly as
+/// they are on screen. What each pane should *run* can't be known from a live
+/// pane, so terminals come back with their current directory and an empty
+/// command for the user to fill in; web panes bring their current URL.
+pub fn capture(self: *View, builder: Layouts.Builder) !?*Layouts.Node {
+    const root = self.layout.root orelse return null;
+    return try self.captureNode(root, builder);
+}
+
+fn captureNode(self: *View, node: *Layout.Node, builder: Layouts.Builder) !*Layouts.Node {
+    return switch (node.kind) {
+        .leaf => |pane| switch (pane.content) {
+            .terminal => |t| blk: {
+                var buf: [std.fs.max_path_bytes]u8 = undefined;
+                break :blk try builder.pane(.{
+                    .kind = .terminal,
+                    .cwd = t.session.pty.cwd(&buf) orelse "",
+                });
+            },
+            .web => |b| try builder.pane(.{
+                .kind = .web,
+                .url = b.currentUrl(),
+            }),
+        },
+        .split => |s| try builder.split(
+            switch (s.paned.as(gtk.Orientable).getOrientation()) {
+                .vertical => .vertical,
+                else => .horizontal,
+            },
+            s.ratio,
+            try self.captureNode(s.a, builder),
+            try self.captureNode(s.b, builder),
+        ),
+    };
+}
+
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Rearranging
 

src/Window.zig

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ const gobject = @import("gobject");
 const gtk = @import("gtk");
 const vt = @import("ghostty-vt");
 
+const Layouts = @import("Layouts.zig");
+const OpenLayoutDialog = @import("OpenLayoutDialog.zig");
+const SaveLayoutDialog = @import("SaveLayoutDialog.zig");
 const Terminal = @import("Terminal.zig");
 const View = @import("View.zig");
 
@@ -43,6 +46,17 @@ updating: bool = false,
 /// doesn't try to close a tab we're already destroying.
 closing: bool = false,
 
+/// Saved tab templates, read from the config file at startup.
+layouts: Layouts,
+
+/// The popover listing them. Rebuilt whenever the set changes, since its
+/// contents are one row per layout.
+layout_popover: *gtk.Popover,
+
+/// Per-row context for the popover's handlers, owned for as long as the rows
+/// they belong to are on screen.
+layout_rows: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(*LayoutRow) = .empty,
+
 /// A single tab: a view of one or more panes, plus the sidebar row that
 /// selects it.
 const Tab = struct {
@@ -76,7 +90,11 @@ pub fn create(alloc: std.mem.Allocator, app: *adw.Application) !*Window {
         .window = window,
         .stack = gtk.Stack.new(),
         .list = gtk.ListBox.new(),
+        .layouts = .init(alloc),
+        .layout_popover = gtk.Popover.new(),
     };
+    self.layouts.load();
+    if (self.layouts.load_error) |message| std.log.warn("{s}", .{message});
 
     window.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-window");
 
@@ -103,6 +121,16 @@ pub fn create(alloc: std.mem.Allocator, app: *adw.Application) !*Window {
         .{},
     );
     header.packEnd(new_tab_button.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    // Layouts sit behind their own button rather than replacing the plain
+    // new-tab one: opening an ordinary shell stays a single click.
+    const layout_button = gtk.MenuButton.new();
+    layout_button.setIconName("view-grid-symbolic");
+    layout_button.as(gtk.Widget).setTooltipText("Open a saved layout");
+    layout_button.setPopover(self.layout_popover);
+    self.layout_popover.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-layout-popover");
+    self.refreshLayoutMenu();
+    header.packEnd(layout_button.as(gtk.Widget));
     sidebar.append(header.as(gtk.Widget));
 
     self.list.setSelectionMode(.single);
@@ -158,6 +186,7 @@ pub fn create(alloc: std.mem.Allocator, app: *adw.Application) !*Window {
     );
 
     try self.newTab();
+
     return self;
 }
 
@@ -172,7 +201,25 @@ pub fn present(self: *Window) void {
 }
 
 /// Open a new tab and switch to it.
+/// Open a new tab holding a single terminal — the plain case, unchanged by
+/// layouts existing.
 pub fn newTab(self: *Window) !void {
+    const tab = try self.newTabEmpty();
+
+    // Only once the tab is in `self.tabs` is it complete enough for the
+    // view's callbacks to use, so this is the first safe moment to give the
+    // view its first pane.
+    try tab.view.addPane(.plain(.terminal));
+
+    self.refreshLabel(tab);
+    self.select(tab);
+}
+
+/// The tab and its sidebar row, with no panes in the view yet.
+///
+/// Split out from `newTab` because a layout fills the view itself, with a
+/// whole tree rather than one pane, and the tab has to exist first.
+fn newTabEmpty(self: *Window) !*Tab {
     const tab = try self.alloc.create(Tab);
     errdefer self.alloc.destroy(tab);
 
@@ -222,14 +269,234 @@ pub fn newTab(self: *Window) !void {
 
     try self.tabs.append(self.alloc, tab);
 
-    // Only now is `tab` complete enough for the view's callbacks to use, so
+    return tab;
-    // this is the first safe moment to give the view its first pane.
+}
-    try view.addPane(.terminal);
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Layouts
+
+/// Per-row context for the layout menu. One is allocated per row and freed
+/// when the menu is rebuilt, so a row's handler always knows which layout it
+/// belongs to without indexing into a list that may have changed.
+const LayoutRow = struct {
+    window: *Window,
+    name: []const u8,
+};
+
+/// Rebuild the popover: one row per saved layout, then the actions.
+fn refreshLayoutMenu(self: *Window) void {
+    self.freeLayoutRows();
+
+    const box = gtk.Box.new(.vertical, 2);
+    box.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-layout-menu");
+
+    if (self.layouts.items.items.len == 0) {
+        const empty = gtk.Label.new(if (self.layouts.load_error != null)
+            "Layouts file could not be read"
+        else
+            "No saved layouts yet");
+        empty.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("vtabs-layout-empty");
+        box.append(empty.as(gtk.Widget));
+    }
+
+    for (self.layouts.items.items) |layout| {
+        const row = self.alloc.create(LayoutRow) catch continue;
+        row.* = .{ .window = self, .name = layout.name };
+        self.layout_rows.append(self.alloc, row) catch {
+            self.alloc.destroy(row);
+            continue;
+        };
+
+        const line = gtk.Box.new(.horizontal, 4);
+
+        var label_buf: [128]u8 = undefined;
+        const text = std.fmt.bufPrintZ(&label_buf, "{s}", .{layout.name}) catch continue;
+
+        const open = gtk.Button.newWithLabel(text);
+        open.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("flat");
+        open.as(gtk.Widget).setHexpand(1);
+        open.setHasFrame(0);
+        if (open.getChild()) |child| child.setHalign(.start);
+        _ = gtk.Button.signals.clicked.connect(open, *LayoutRow, &onLayoutClicked, row, .{});
+        line.append(open.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+        const edit = gtk.Button.newFromIconName("document-edit-symbolic");
+        edit.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("flat");
+        edit.as(gtk.Widget).setTooltipText("Edit this layout");
+        _ = gtk.Button.signals.clicked.connect(edit, *LayoutRow, &onLayoutEdit, row, .{});
+        line.append(edit.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+        const delete = gtk.Button.newFromIconName("user-trash-symbolic");
+        delete.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("flat");
+        delete.as(gtk.Widget).setTooltipText("Delete this layout");
+        _ = gtk.Button.signals.clicked.connect(delete, *LayoutRow, &onLayoutDelete, row, .{});
+        line.append(delete.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+        box.append(line.as(gtk.Widget));
+    }
+
+    box.append(gtk.Separator.new(.horizontal).as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    const save = gtk.Button.newWithLabel("Save tab as layout…");
+    save.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("flat");
+    save.setHasFrame(0);
+    if (save.getChild()) |child| child.setHalign(.start);
+    _ = gtk.Button.signals.clicked.connect(save, *Window, &onSaveLayoutClicked, self, .{});
+    box.append(save.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    const reload = gtk.Button.newWithLabel("Reload from disk");
+    reload.as(gtk.Widget).addCssClass("flat");
+    reload.setHasFrame(0);
+    if (reload.getChild()) |child| child.setHalign(.start);
+    _ = gtk.Button.signals.clicked.connect(reload, *Window, &onReloadLayouts, self, .{});
+    box.append(reload.as(gtk.Widget));
+
+    self.layout_popover.setChild(box.as(gtk.Widget));
+}
+
+fn freeLayoutRows(self: *Window) void {
+    for (self.layout_rows.items) |row| self.alloc.destroy(row);
+    self.layout_rows.clearRetainingCapacity();
+}
+
+fn onLayoutClicked(_: *gtk.Button, row: *LayoutRow) callconv(.c) void {
+    const self = row.window;
+    self.layout_popover.popdown();
+
+    const layout = self.layouts.find(row.name) orelse return;
+
+    // Nothing to ask for, so skip straight past the dialog.
+    if (layout.parameters.len == 0) {
+        openLayout(self, layout, &.{});
+        return;
+    }
+
+    OpenLayoutDialog.present(
+        self.alloc,
+        self.window.as(gtk.Window),
+        layout,
+        &onLayoutParameters,
+        self,
+    ) catch |err| {
+        std.log.err("failed to open layout dialog: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
+    };
+}
+
+fn onLayoutParameters(
+    ctx: ?*anyopaque,
+    layout: *Layouts.Layout,
+    bindings: []const Layouts.Binding,
+) void {
+    const self: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx.?));
+    openLayout(self, layout, bindings);
+}
+
+/// Open a layout in a new tab.
+fn openLayout(self: *Window, layout: *Layouts.Layout, bindings: []const Layouts.Binding) void {
+    const tab = self.newTabEmpty() catch |err| {
+        std.log.err("failed to open tab: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        return;
+    };
+
+    tab.view.applyLayout(layout.root, bindings) catch |err| {
+        std.log.err("failed to build layout: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        // A half-built view has no panes to work in and no shell to close,
+        // so drop the tab rather than leave an empty one behind.
+        if (tab.view.panes.items.len == 0) {
+            self.closeTab(tab);
+            return;
+        }
+    };
 
     self.refreshLabel(tab);
     self.select(tab);
 }
 
+/// Edit a saved layout in place: its name, parameters and per-pane scripts.
+///
+/// The arrangement itself isn't editable here — to reshape one, open it,
+/// rearrange the tab, and save over it under the same name.
+fn onLayoutEdit(_: *gtk.Button, row: *LayoutRow) callconv(.c) void {
+    const self = row.window;
+    self.layout_popover.popdown();
+
+    const layout = self.layouts.find(row.name) orelse return;
+
+    SaveLayoutDialog.present(
+        self.alloc,
+        self.window.as(gtk.Window),
+        &self.layouts,
+        layout.root,
+        .{
+            .title = "Edit layout",
+            .confirm = "Save",
+            .name = layout.name,
+            .parameters = layout.parameters,
+            .original_name = layout.name,
+        },
+        &onLayoutSaved,
+        self,
+    ) catch |err| {
+        std.log.err("failed to open layout editor: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
+    };
+}
+
+fn onLayoutDelete(_: *gtk.Button, row: *LayoutRow) callconv(.c) void {
+    const self = row.window;
+    self.layouts.remove(row.name);
+    self.layouts.save() catch {
+        std.log.err("failed to write layouts file", .{});
+    };
+    // Rebuilding frees `row`, so nothing may touch it after this.
+    self.refreshLayoutMenu();
+}
+
+fn onSaveLayoutClicked(_: *gtk.Button, self: *Window) callconv(.c) void {
+    self.layout_popover.popdown();
+    self.saveCurrentTabAsLayout();
+}
+
+fn saveCurrentTabAsLayout(self: *Window) void {
+    const tab = self.activeTab() orelse return;
+
+    const root = tab.view.capture(self.layouts.builder()) catch |err| {
+        std.log.err("failed to capture layout: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        return;
+    } orelse return;
+
+    // The tab's own label is the obvious first guess at a name.
+    var name_buf: [128]u8 = undefined;
+    const suggested = tab.view.label(&name_buf);
+
+    SaveLayoutDialog.present(
+        self.alloc,
+        self.window.as(gtk.Window),
+        &self.layouts,
+        root,
+        .{
+            .title = "Save tab as layout",
+            .confirm = "Save",
+            .name = suggested,
+        },
+        &onLayoutSaved,
+        self,
+    ) catch |err| {
+        std.log.err("failed to open save dialog: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
+    };
+}
+
+fn onLayoutSaved(ctx: ?*anyopaque) void {
+    const self: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ctx.?));
+    self.refreshLayoutMenu();
+}
+
+fn onReloadLayouts(_: *gtk.Button, self: *Window) callconv(.c) void {
+    self.layout_popover.popdown();
+    self.layouts.load();
+    if (self.layouts.load_error) |message| std.log.warn("{s}", .{message});
+    self.refreshLayoutMenu();
+}
+
 /// Make `tab` the visible one.
 fn select(self: *Window, tab: *Tab) void {
     self.updating = true;
@@ -333,6 +600,11 @@ fn onDestroy(_: *adw.ApplicationWindow, self: *Window) callconv(.c) void {
         self.alloc.destroy(tab);
     }
     self.tabs.deinit(self.alloc);
+
+    self.freeLayoutRows();
+    self.layout_rows.deinit(self.alloc);
+    self.layouts.deinit();
+
     self.alloc.destroy(self);
 }
 
@@ -358,7 +630,7 @@ fn focusedTerminal(self: *Window) ?*Terminal {
 /// Split the visible tab's focused pane, adding a pane of the given kind.
 fn addPane(self: *Window, kind: View.Kind) void {
     const tab = self.activeTab() orelse return;
-    tab.view.addPane(kind) catch |err| {
+    tab.view.addPane(.plain(kind)) catch |err| {
         std.log.err("failed to open {s} pane: {s}", .{ @tagName(kind), @errorName(err) });
     };
 }

src/main.zig

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ pub fn main() u8 {
 }
 
 fn onActivate(app: *adw.Application, _: ?*anyopaque) callconv(.c) void {
+    forceDark();
     loadCss();
 
     const window = Window.create(gpa.allocator(), app) catch |err| {
@@ -48,6 +49,15 @@ fn onActivate(app: *adw.Application, _: ?*anyopaque) callconv(.c) void {
     window.present();
 }
 
+/// The window's own chrome is dark by hand in `style.css`, but stock widgets —
+/// popovers, dialogs, text entries — follow the desktop's colour scheme and
+/// would come up light against it. Layouts brought the first real dialogs into
+/// the app, which is where that mismatch became visible.
+fn forceDark() void {
+    const manager = adw.StyleManager.getDefault();
+    manager.setColorScheme(.force_dark);
+}
+
 fn loadCss() void {
     const display = gdk.Display.getDefault() orelse return;
     const provider = gtk.CssProvider.new();

src/style.css

@@ -171,6 +171,67 @@
   border-color: #b29df5;
 }
 
+/* Saved-layout menu, hanging off the sidebar header. */
+.vtabs-layout-menu {
+  min-width: 260px;
+}
+
+.vtabs-layout-menu button {
+  padding: 4px 8px;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+}
+
+.vtabs-layout-empty {
+  padding: 8px;
+  color: #8f87a3;
+  font-size: 0.9em;
+}
+
+/* Layout dialogs: opening one, and saving the current tab as one. */
+.vtabs-dialog {
+  background-color: #16141c;
+}
+
+.vtabs-dialog-content {
+  padding: 16px;
+}
+
+.vtabs-dialog-actions {
+  padding: 12px 16px;
+  border-top: 1px solid #262133;
+}
+
+.vtabs-dialog-heading {
+  margin-top: 8px;
+  font-weight: bold;
+  color: #ded7ef;
+}
+
+.vtabs-dialog-label {
+  color: #b6afc7;
+}
+
+.vtabs-dialog-sublabel {
+  font-size: 0.88em;
+  color: #8f87a3;
+}
+
+.vtabs-dialog-hint {
+  font-size: 0.85em;
+  color: #8f87a3;
+}
+
+.vtabs-dialog-error {
+  color: #f2a0a0;
+}
+
+/* Each captured pane in the save dialog, so the sections read apart. */
+.vtabs-dialog-pane {
+  padding: 8px;
+  border: 1px solid #2a2536;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+}
+
 /* Divider between panes. Wide enough to grab without hunting for it. */
 .vtabs-view paned > separator {
   background-color: #0f0d14;